Florida Keys field guide

Tarpon.

Megalops atlanticus

Silver king. Bridge ambush, dawn rolls, June migration.

Behavior

How they feed in the Keys

Tarpon are the apex inshore fish of the Florida Keys. Resident populations hold year-round in deeper channels (Bahia Honda, Channel Five, the 7-Mile and Long Key channels), but the May–June migration through the Atlantic-side oceanside drives the iconic Keys fishery — long strings of fish rolling in the morning calm on their way to spawning grounds offshore. Bridge fishing peaks at night on heavy outgoing tides; oceanside sight fishing happens at dawn between Marathon and Key West. The June full-moon palolo worm hatch turns the back-country into a feeding frenzy that pelagic anglers fly in for.

Water temp

78–84°F

Comfortable 74–88°F · Below 70°F they push out or stage in deeper water

Tide

Outgoing tide is the bridge angler's friend — fish stack on the up-current side and ambush bait pulling through. Incoming serves the back-country and oceanside fish. Strong tide of any direction is better than weak tide.

Current

Heavy current at bridges produces the biggest, most aggressive fish. Channel Five and Bahia Honda on a ripping outgoing are bucket-list locations. Light current = scattered, picky fish.

Weather

Calm pre-dawn for sight fishing rollers. Pre-front falling pressure with a south wind = epic. Post-cold-front north wind shuts the back-country down for 2–3 days.

Pressure

Falling pressure is the strongest single predictor of an aggressive tarpon bite. The 12 hours ahead of a tropical disturbance can be unforgettable.

Time of day

Dawn for oceanside rollers. Last hour of light into the night for bridge fish. Mid-day fish are tougher but exist on overcast days.

Moon phase

Full and new moon spring tides bring bigger fish through and load bridges with current. The May/June full-moon palolo worm hatch is the single best annual event in the back-country. Dark-of-the-moon nights at bridges are also strong because bait silhouettes against any glow.

Tidal coefficient

Coefficient 90+ on Channel Five outgoing nights = the biggest, most aggressive fish of the year. Coefficient 70+ minimum to plan a bridge night.

Worm hatch

Late May / early June full moon, two hours before through dawn — the palolo worm hatch in Florida Bay back-country produces a tarpon feed that's worth flying in for. Tan/red worm flies, light leader.

Resident vs. migratory

Migratory fish are the morning rollers May–July, bigger average but more picky. Resident fish are year-round in deeper channels and bridges, less spectacular but reliable.

Seasonality

12-month outlook

Peak · Apr, May, Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, OctSpawn · Apr, May, Jun
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
PeakGoodOKSlowPoorSpawn window
Bait

What they eat, what catches them

Top 3 baits
1

Live mullet

8–12 inch finger mullet on a 6/0–9/0 circle hook. The bridge classic — drift through the current on a slip rig.

2

Live blue crab

Pinned through a corner of the shell, drifted unweighted in current. Devastating during the May–June migration.

3

Live pinfish or pilchard

Smaller live bait for rollers and resident fish; cast across their direction of travel.

Alternates
  • Cut bait (mullet/ladyfish chunks)· Bridges with strong scent dispersal. Less selective but reliable on tough nights.
  • Tarpon flies· Toad, Black Death, Cockroach. 3/0 hooks, 12 wt rod. Migration sight fishing.
  • Hogy / large soft plastics· 10-inch white or chartreuse soft plastic on a 6/0 jig. Bridge fishing alternative when you can't get live bait.
When to use what
  • Bridge night, ripping outgoing

    Live mullet on a slip-sinker rig with circle hook. Fish the up-current side.

  • Worm hatch, full moon June

    Worm fly (tan/red, 1.5" length) on a 12 wt with 60 lb shock tippet. Strip slow.

  • Oceanside roller dawn

    Crab on a corked rig drifted into the school, or a fly cast 10 ft ahead with no hesitation.

Gear

How top captains rig it

Line

Spin: 50–80 lb braid. Conventional (bridges): 50–80 lb mono. Fly: 12 wt floating with 80 lb shock.

Reel

Spin: 6000–8000 size with strong drag. Fly: 12 wt with 300 yards of 30 lb backing.

Rod

Spin: 7' medium-heavy to heavy. Conventional: 6'6" stand-up class.

Leader

60–100 lb fluorocarbon, 4–6 ft. Bridges sometimes go 100–125 lb to keep fish off pilings.

Setups by situation
  • Bridge night

    7' medium-heavy spin, 65 lb braid, 80 lb fluoro leader, 7/0 circle. Anchored or slow-drifted up-current of pilings.

  • Migration sight fishing

    12 wt fly + Toad pattern + 80 lb shock. Or 7'6" medium-heavy spin with crab. Quiet skiff approach is everything.

Regulations

Recreational rules

Size limit

Catch-and-release only.

Bag limit

0 — designated catch-and-release in Florida. A tarpon tag (~$50) is required to harvest a fish ≥40 inches for an IGFA record application; otherwise must be released without removing from the water.

Season

Year-round catch-and-release.

Prohibited methods

Snatch hooks, gigging, and gaffing fish ≥40". Snagging through the body and any harvest without a tag are illegal.

Note · Tarpon over 40" must stay in the water — no lifting for photos. Use a Boga Grip or grab the lower jaw, get a quick photo at the gunwale, revive boatside.

Recreational rules · FWCVerify current rules at FWC →
Bite-score factors

What actually moves the bite

Each factor is rated by how much it shifts the bite for this fish in the Keys. Calibrated against the Bite Score weights — see the Bite Score reference for what each factor measures.

Not ImportantImportant
Outgoing Tide
95
Current Strength
95
Dawn / Dusk
90
Barometer
85
Moon Phase
85
Water Temp
85
Incoming Tide
70
Wind
55
Wave Height
40
Slack Tide
15
Wind vs Sea
10
For sport fishing reference only · Not for navigationField guide · Fishonomics